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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Somatic cell dedifferentiation/reprogramming for regenerative medicine.

Thiyagarajan Ramesh1, Sun-Hee Lee1, Choon-Soo Lee1

  • 1Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

International Journal of Stem Cells
|May 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells offers new therapeutic options in regenerative medicine. These reprogrammed cells, genetically matched to patients, hold significant potential for future treatments.

Keywords:
Cell therapyDedifferentiationRegenerative medicineReprogrammingStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Cellular reprogramming

Background:

  • Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like cells (ES-like cells).
  • These ES-like cells can differentiate into various cell types, opening avenues for regenerative medicine.
  • Reprogramming offers potential for autologous or tailored pluripotent stem cells, ensuring genetic compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for dedifferentiation and reprogramming of somatic cells.
  • To discuss technical challenges associated with these reprogramming techniques.
  • To explore the safety and therapeutic applications of reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer
  • Fusion of somatic cells with ES cells
  • Viral or non-viral gene transduction of pluripotency factors
  • Introduction of pluripotent cell extracts or proteins

Main Results:

  • Various methods exist for achieving somatic cell dedifferentiation/reprogramming.
  • Reprogrammed ES-like cells offer potential for patient-specific cell therapies.
  • Technical hurdles and safety considerations are critical for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • Dedifferentiation and reprogramming represent a significant advancement in stem cell biology.
  • Reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells hold promise for regenerative medicine applications.
  • Further research into technical refinement and mechanistic understanding is crucial for therapeutic success.