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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage
06:40

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

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[Chordoma].

B George1, D Bresson1, S Bouazza1

  • 1Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France.

Neuro-Chirurgie
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chordoma treatment outcomes depend on surgical resection quality and proton therapy, especially for skull base chordomas. Further research is needed for aggressive chordoma subtypes.

Keywords:
Base du crâneChordomaChordomeDiagnosisDiagnosticMobile spinePrognosisPronosticRachisSkull base

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiotherapy

Context:

  • Chordomas are rare bone tumors originating from notochordal remnants.
  • Various notochordal entities exist, requiring accurate differentiation from chordomas.
  • Familial forms and associations with genetic syndromes are noted.

Purpose:

  • To review epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histological, and therapeutic data on chordomas and related entities.
  • To assess molecular biology and targeted therapy advancements.
  • To compare radiotherapy techniques, particularly proton therapy, for chordomas.

Summary:

  • Surgical resection quality is the primary prognostic factor for chordomas.
  • Proton therapy, especially after total resection, improves outcomes, particularly for skull base chordomas.
  • Pediatric chordomas show variable prognosis influenced by histology, location, and resection quality.

Impact:

  • Highlights the critical role of complete surgical resection in chordoma management.
  • Suggests proton therapy as a beneficial adjunct, especially for specific chordoma locations.
  • Underscores the need for further research into molecular markers for aggressive chordoma subtypes.