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Updated: Apr 29, 2026
Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
Published on: February 10, 2015
Validity and reliability of 3D marker based scapular motion analysis: a systematic review
Mathieu Lempereur1, Sylvain Brochard1, Fabien Leboeuf2
1Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale INSERM U1101, Brest, France; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; CHRU de Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, 5 avenue Foch, 29609 Brest, France.
This review evaluates 3D scapular motion analysis using cutaneous markers, finding the acromion marker cluster (AMC) method reliable for arm movements up to 90° humeral elevation. Recommendations are provided for optimal marker placement and calibration strategies.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Kinesiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Three-dimensional scapular motion analysis is crucial for understanding shoulder function.
- Cutaneous marker-based methods are widely used but vary in accuracy and reliability.
- Evaluating the metrological properties of these methods is essential for clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the metrological properties of 3D scapular kinematic measurements using cutaneous markers.
- To compare the accuracy and reliability of different marker-based methods.
- To provide evidence-based recommendations for optimal 3D scapular motion analysis.
Main Methods:
- A systematic database search identified 19 relevant articles.
- Included studies were assessed for quality.
- Concurrent validity and reliability of six different marker-based methods were analyzed.
Main Results:
- The acromion marker cluster (AMC) method with arm-at-rest calibration demonstrated good accuracy (approx. 5-7° error) below 90-100° humeral elevation.
- This method showed good to excellent within-session and moderate to excellent between-session reliability.
- Alternative methods with different marker placements were generally less accurate.
Conclusions:
- The AMC method is recommended for 3D scapular motion analysis, particularly for tasks below 90° humeral elevation.
- Single calibration at rest is sufficient for lower elevation tasks.
- Multiple or specific calibrations are advised for movements exceeding 90° humeral elevation to enhance accuracy.
