Ionic liquid-based matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction of synthetic...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Food Safety
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Banned synthetic dyes pose significant risks to human health and environmental safety.
• Accurate detection of these dyes in food products like condiments is crucial for regulatory compliance and consumer protection.
• Existing extraction methods may lack efficiency or require complex procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a novel analytical method for the efficient extraction and determination of four specific banned dyes (chrysoidin, safranine O, auramine O, rhodamine B) in condiment samples.
• To combine the strengths of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) using ionic liquids.
• To optimize critical experimental parameters for enhanced extraction efficiency and sensitivity.

Main Methods:

• Development of an ionic liquid-based matrix solid-phase dispersion homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-based MSPD-HLLME) technique.
• Direct solid sample treatment using MSPD with an ionic liquid as a dispersant.
• Subsequent extraction of the eluate using HLLME.
• Separation and quantification of the target dyes using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
• Systematic optimization of parameters including dispersant type, solvent volumes, pH, ionic strength, and ion-pairing agent concentration.

Main Results:

• The optimized IL-based MSPD-HLLME method demonstrated excellent linearity for the target dyes, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9964 to 0.9991.
• Low limits of detection (6.7–26.8 μg kg⁻¹) and quantification (15.99–58.48 μg kg⁻¹) were achieved.
• High recoveries (90.69–113.52%) and low relative standard deviations (<8.2%) were obtained for spiked condiment samples.
• The method successfully combined the advantages of MSPD and HLLME for efficient dye extraction.

Conclusions:

• The developed IL-based MSPD-HLLME method is a sensitive, efficient, and reliable technique for the determination of banned synthetic dyes in complex food matrices like condiments.
• This approach offers a valuable tool for food safety monitoring and the control of illegal dye adulteration.
• The combined MSPD and HLLME strategy provides a synergistic effect, enhancing the overall extraction performance.