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Related Concept Videos

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

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During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers
07:12

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Published on: December 12, 2025

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Urban vegetation for reducing heat related mortality.

Dong Chen1, Xiaoming Wang1, Marcus Thatcher2

  • 1CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship and CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Increasing urban vegetation in Melbourne could significantly reduce heat-related deaths. Studies show transforming the city into parklands may decrease mortality by up to 99%.

Keywords:
Climate changeHeat wavesMortality rateUrban heat islandUrban vegetation

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Climatology
  • Environmental Health
  • Building Performance Simulation

Background:

  • Urban heat islands exacerbate heat-related mortality.
  • Melbourne, Australia, faces increasing risks from extreme heat events.
  • The role of urban vegetation in mitigating these risks requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential of urban vegetation schemes to reduce heat-related mortality in Melbourne.
  • To quantify the impact of vegetation on urban microclimates and building thermal performance.
  • To model future climate scenarios and their implications for heat stress.

Main Methods:

  • A two-scale modeling approach was employed, integrating a meso-scale urban climate model with building performance simulations.
  • Ten urban vegetation schemes were evaluated under current (2009) and future (2030, 2050) climate conditions.
  • Indoor thermal performance of five residential buildings was simulated using localized climate data.

Main Results:

  • Average seasonal summer temperatures could be reduced by 0.5–2°C with increased vegetation.
  • Doubling vegetation coverage estimated a 5–28% reduction in heat-related mortality.
  • Transforming the city into parklands showed a potential reduction of 37–99% in heat-related mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Urban vegetation is a viable strategy for mitigating heat-related mortality in Melbourne.
  • Significant reductions in heat stress and associated mortality are achievable through increased green infrastructure.
  • Policy interventions promoting urban greening can enhance public health resilience to climate change.