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Urticaria and bacterial infections.

Paola L Minciullo1, Antonio Cascio, Giuseppina Barberi

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Urticaria may be linked to bacterial infections, though establishing a direct cause is challenging. Further research is needed to clarify the role of bacteria in urticaria development and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The link between urticaria and infections has been recognized for over a century.
  • Establishing a definitive causal relationship between urticaria and bacterial infections remains difficult.
  • Bacterial infections can manifest with skin conditions resembling urticaria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze published cases of urticaria associated with bacterial infections.
  • To provide an overview of current systematic reviews and key publications on this complex association.
  • To identify specific bacterial agents implicated in urticaria.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a Medline search for English-language articles published until January 2014.
  • Used keywords "urticaria" and "bacteria/bacterial disease".
  • Performed a secondary analysis using specific bacterial groups and germ names.

Main Results:

  • Numerous bacterial infections were associated with urticaria, including Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Salmonella, Brucella, Mycobacterium leprae, Borrelia, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Yersinia enterocolitica.
  • Urticaria-like manifestations may result from microbial presence, toxin action, or complement activation via immune complexes.
  • A weak association with unclear pathogenesis exists, but bacterial agents warrant consideration in urticaria workup.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial infections are potential contributors to urticaria, although the pathogenesis is not fully understood.
  • Eradication of underlying bacterial infections may lead to urticaria resolution.
  • Well-structured prospective studies are necessary to elucidate the precise role and prevalence of bacteria in urticaria pathogenesis.