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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
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New applications for phage integrases.

Paul C M Fogg1, Sean Colloms2, Susan Rosser3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage integrases, particularly serine integrases, are powerful genetic tools for genome engineering. This review covers tyrosine and serine integrase mechanisms, applications in synthetic biology, and their role in streamlining biological production.

Keywords:
bacteriophagesgenome engineeringintegrasesintegrating vectorssynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Bacteriophage integrases have emerged as crucial genetic tools over the past 25 years.
  • Serine integrases, like those from C31 phage, are widely used across various organisms, from microbes to eukaryotes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of tyrosine and serine integrase families.
  • To compare the advantages and disadvantages of each integrase type for genome engineering and synthetic biology.
  • To highlight novel applications in metabolic engineering, biocomputing, and assembly techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bacteriophage integrase mechanisms and applications.
  • Comparative analysis of serine and tyrosine integrase families.
  • Focus on applications in synthetic biology, including metabolic pathway construction and multiplexed assembly.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of the mechanisms distinguishing tyrosine and serine integrases.
  • Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of each integrase type in genome engineering contexts.
  • Identification of emerging applications in metabolic pathway optimization, biocomputing, and heterologous expression.

Conclusions:

  • Integrases are versatile and efficient tools for synthetic biology.
  • They can be integrated with existing molecular biology techniques to enhance production pipelines.
  • The strategic application of integrases facilitates streamlined synthetic biology workflows.