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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of conditions including fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
  • Accurate assessment of liver function is crucial for diagnosing and managing ALD.
  • Understanding enzyme level variations across different ALD stages aids in clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate liver function tests (LFTs) in patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis.
  • To compare enzyme levels among these ALD patient groups and with healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based case-control study conducted at Nepalgunj Medical College.
  • Involved 150 patients with ALD (aged 20-70) and 50 age/sex-matched healthy controls.
  • Assessed LFTs including Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and Albumin.

Main Results:

  • Patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease exhibited the highest LFTs, followed by those with alcoholic hepatitis.
  • All three ALD groups showed statistically significant increases in AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and Albumin compared to healthy controls (p<0.000 for most).
  • Overall, LFTs were significantly altered in patients with ALD compared to the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Liver function tests are significantly elevated in patients across the spectrum of alcoholic liver disease.
  • Alcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates the most pronounced alterations in the studied liver enzymes.
  • These findings underscore the utility of LFTs in detecting and differentiating stages of ALD.