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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device

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Published on: July 18, 2025

Cell cycle progression in response to oxygen levels.

Brian Ortmann¹, Jimena Druker, Sonia Rocha

¹Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS

|May 27, 2014

Summary

Hypoxia, or low oxygen, triggers cellular responses via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) to promote survival. This review explores how HIFs and oxygen sensors regulate the cell cycle during hypoxia.

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Area of Science:

Cellular Biology
Molecular Biology
Physiology

Background:

Hypoxia (decreased oxygen availability) elicits organism-wide and cellular adaptive responses.
Key among these is the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), crucial transcription factors that regulate gene expression.
The HIF pathway is vital for cellular survival and energy conservation under hypoxic stress.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the integration of oxygen sensing mechanisms with cell cycle regulation.
To discuss how HIFs and other hypoxia pathway components influence cell cycle progression.
To elucidate the role of HIF and molecular oxygen sensors in controlling the cell cycle.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on hypoxia response pathways.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking oxygen sensing to cell cycle control.
Synthesis of current understanding of HIF function in cell cycle regulation.

Main Results:

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are central to the cellular response to low oxygen.
HIFs and associated oxygen-sensing pathways significantly impact cell cycle progression.
These pathways are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival during oxygen deprivation.

Conclusions:

The interplay between oxygen sensing and cell cycle control is a critical adaptive mechanism.
HIFs play a pivotal role in mediating the cellular response to hypoxia by influencing cell division.
Understanding this integration is essential for comprehending cellular adaptation and potential therapeutic strategies.