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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Correction: Rao et al. Ensemble Deep-Learning-Based Prognostic and Prediction for Recurrence of Sporadic Odontogenic Keratocysts on Hematoxylin and Eosin Stained Pathological Images of Incisional Biopsies. <i>J. Pers. Med.</i> 2022, <i>12</i>, 1220.

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Microbial flora in oral diseases.

Shankargouda Patil1, Roopa S Rao2, D S Sanketh3

  • 1Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, MS Ramaiah Dental College, MSRIT Post, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru-560 054, Karnataka India, Phone: 8050798169,

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Oral microbial communities maintain a delicate balance, crucial for oral health. Disruptions can lead to diseases like dental caries, periodontitis, and even systemic conditions such as diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • The oral cavity hosts diverse microbial communities on mucosa and teeth.
  • Microbial metabolism influences the colonization and growth of oral microorganisms.
  • A balanced oral microbiome is essential for normal development and host defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the altered oral flora in various diseased states.
  • To highlight the link between oral microbial dysbiosis and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on oral microbiome composition in health and disease.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to microbial profile shifts.
  • Correlation of oral microbial alterations with specific oral and systemic diseases.

Main Results:

  • Changes in oral microbial profiles are associated with conditions like dental caries and periodontitis.
  • Oral microorganisms and their metabolic activities play a role in disease development.
  • Emerging evidence links oral dysbiosis to systemic diseases, including diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in the oral flora can shift the ecosystem towards pathogenic states.
  • Understanding oral microbial shifts is critical for diagnosing and managing oral and systemic diseases.
  • Further research into the oral microbiome's role in systemic health is warranted.