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Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
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An Allelotyping PCR for Identifying Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium
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Salmonella Typhi shdA: pseudogene or allelic variant?

I M Urrutia1, J A Fuentes1, L M Valenzuela1

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago de Chile, Chile.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
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The Salmonella Typhi shdA gene, previously thought to be a pseudogene, is functional. It plays a role in bacterial adherence and invasion, similar to its Salmonella Typhimurium counterpart.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Genomics

Background:

  • ShdA from Salmonella Typhimurium (ShdASTm) is an outer membrane protein crucial for bacterial colonization.
  • The homologous shdA gene in Salmonella Typhi (shdASTy) was presumed non-functional due to mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functionality of the shdASTy gene.
  • To compare the functional roles of shdASTy and ShdASTm.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and analysis of Salmonella Typhi ΔshdA mutants.
  • Assessing bacterial adherence and invasion in vitro.
  • Heterologous expression of shdASTy in Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • Salmonella Typhi ΔshdA mutants exhibited impaired adherence and invasion.
  • ShdASTm functionally complemented the S. Typhi ΔshdA mutant.
  • The shdASTy gene encodes a detectable protein.

Conclusions:

  • The shdASTy gene is a functional allele, not a pseudogene.
  • ShdASTy and ShdASTm share equivalent functions in bacterial adherence and invasion.