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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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Lying relies on the truth.

Evelyne Debey1, Jan De Houwer1, Bruno Verschuere2

  • 1Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Cognition
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lying may involve a two-step process where activating the truth first facilitates constructing a lie. This study reveals a "covert congruency" effect, suggesting truth activation plays a functional role in deception.

Keywords:
Cognitive processesDeceptionDistractorsTruth activation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Deception

Background:

  • Cognitive models of deception often emphasize the conflict caused by truth activation during lying.
  • The role of truth activation in deception is primarily viewed as inhibitory or conflict-inducing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that truth activation can functionally aid in the construction of lies.
  • To investigate a potential two-step process in deception: truth activation followed by lie formulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a reaction-time based deception paradigm with truth and lie distractors.
  • Measured reaction times and error rates to detect covert truth activation.
  • Manipulated the proportion of truth distractors to assess the covert congruency effect.

Main Results:

  • A
  • covert congruency
  • effect was observed, where truth distractors facilitated deceptive responses (in errors and reaction times).
  • Increasing truth distractor trials amplified the covert congruency effect, confirming its operation at a covert response level.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a model where lying involves an initial step of truth activation.
  • Suggests that truth activation has both functional and interfering roles in the deception process.
  • Calls for a theoretical shift in understanding deception to include the facilitative properties of truth activation.