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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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A stable three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2.

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Cd3As2 is confirmed as a model three-dimensional (3D) topological Dirac semimetal (TDS). This stable material offers higher Fermi velocities and tunable properties for exploring exotic quantum phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) topological Dirac semimetals (TDSs) are a novel quantum state with unique electronic properties.
  • TDSs exhibit non-trivial topology, analogous to topological insulators, and can serve as precursors to other exotic phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally confirm Cd3As2 as a model 3D topological Dirac semimetal.
  • To highlight Cd3As2's advantages over existing 3D TDS materials.
  • To establish Cd3As2 as a versatile platform for investigating quantum phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) was employed to directly observe 3D Dirac fermions.
  • In situ doping techniques were utilized to tune the material's Fermi energy.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of a pair of 3D Dirac fermions in Cd3As2, validating its status as a 3D TDS.
  • Cd3As2 demonstrates superior stability and significantly higher Fermi velocities compared to other 3D TDS candidates.
  • Tunable Fermi energy achieved through in situ doping.

Conclusions:

  • Cd3As2 is a robust and highly efficient model system for studying 3D topological Dirac semimetal physics.
  • The material's properties make it an ideal platform for exploring emergent quantum phases and phase transitions.
  • This work paves the way for future investigations into novel quantum phenomena in engineered topological materials.