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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Prions and prion-like proteins.

Paul E Fraser1

  • 1From the Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada pfraser@asbmb.org.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Prions are infectious proteins causing neurological diseases by misfolding and aggregating. This protein-only mechanism may extend to other neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Keywords:
Alzheimer DiseaseNeurodegenerative DiseasePrionProtein AggregationProtein Misfolding

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Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Protein Misfolding Diseases
  • Neurodegenerative Disorders

Background:

  • Prions are infectious protein aggregates responsible for fatal mammalian neurological diseases.
  • The prion protein (PrP) misfolds, aggregates, and forms infectious pathogens.
  • Prion-like mechanisms are implicated in other neurodegenerative conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in prion biology.
  • To explore the role of prions and prion-like proteins in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To highlight the broader implications of protein-only pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on prion biology.
  • Analysis of studies on protein aggregation and cell-to-cell transmission.
  • Synthesis of findings related to prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Main Results:

  • Prions induce neurological diseases through self-replication and conformational change.
  • Prion-like protein spreading observed in Alzheimer and Parkinson disease models.
  • Protein-only aggregation is a significant factor in neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Prion biology offers insights into the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding prion-like spreading is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • This research underscores the potential for broader applications of prion research.