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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.7K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.7K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.6K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.6K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

1.1K
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
1.1K
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

622
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Update on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Scott L Hummel1, Dalane W Kitzman2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine ; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI.

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) affects older adults and is rising. New research suggests oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles, opening doors for novel HFPEF therapies.

Keywords:
diastolic heart failurehypertensionmechanismstreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Geriatrics
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is the predominant form of heart failure in the aging population.
  • HFPEF carries significant morbidity and mortality, comparable to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF).
  • Current HFPEF treatment lacks specific guidelines, relying on expert consensus, unlike the established neurohormonal blockade for HFREF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving understanding of HFPEF.
  • To explore potential mechanisms beyond a purely cardiac-centric model.
  • To identify emerging therapeutic targets for HFPEF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and studies.
  • Analysis of data from animal models, epidemiological cohorts, and human studies.
  • Examination of the role of comorbidities and non-pharmacological strategies.

Main Results:

  • HFPEF is increasingly recognized as a complex syndrome involving multiple cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular factors.
  • Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated as significant contributors to HFPEF pathophysiology.
  • Non-pharmacological management and addressing comorbidities are crucial in HFPEF care.

Conclusions:

  • The understanding of HFPEF has shifted towards a multi-systemic syndrome.
  • Oxidative stress and inflammation represent promising targets for future HFPEF therapeutic development.
  • Integrated management strategies encompassing comorbidities and lifestyle are essential for HFPEF patients.