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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.7K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
1.7K
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

35
Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
35
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

1.3K
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

27
Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Continuous Video Electroencephalogram during Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Mice
09:29

Continuous Video Electroencephalogram during Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Mice

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Variable outcome for epilepsy after neonatal hypoglycaemia.

Choong Yi Fong1, A Simon Harvey

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|May 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy following neonatal hypoglycemia presents variably, with occipital lobe injury leading to diverse seizure types and outcomes. Some cases show mild focal seizures, while others develop refractory epilepsy.

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Preparation and Implantation of Electrodes for Electrically Kindling VGAT-Cre Mice to Generate a Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

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A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
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Preparation and Implantation of Electrodes for Electrically Kindling VGAT-Cre Mice to Generate a Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Neonatal hypoglycemia is a known risk factor for neurological sequelae.
  • Epilepsy can develop in children with a history of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electroclinical characteristics of epilepsy secondary to neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • To understand the varied presentations and outcomes of this epilepsy type.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of children with seizures post-neonatal hypoglycemia (1996-2012).
  • Exclusion of patients with perinatal asphyxia.
  • Review of clinical data, digital electroencephalography (EEG), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

  • Seizure onset ranged from 4 months to 5 years.
  • Focal occipital seizures occurred in nine patients, generalized tonic seizures in two.
  • MRI revealed occipital lobe gliosis/atrophy in all patients.
  • Epilepsy course varied from infrequent/remitted to frequent/refractory seizures.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal hypoglycemia can lead to diverse epilepsy syndromes, including mild occipital, refractory occipital, and symptomatic generalized epilepsy.
  • Despite common bilateral occipital lobe injury, seizure manifestations and epilepsy course are variable.