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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

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Calcium kinetics during bed rest with artificial gravity and exercise countermeasures.

S M Smith1, C Castaneda-Sceppa, K O O'Brien

  • 1NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Attn: Mail Code SK3, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058, USA, scott.m.smith@nasa.gov.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|May 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining calcium intake is crucial for bone health during bed rest. Exercise may help preserve bone calcium by reducing excretion, while artificial gravity did not improve calcium balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Space medicine and physiology
  • Bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis
  • Countermeasure research for spaceflight

Background:

  • Spaceflight and prolonged bed rest lead to significant bone calcium loss.
  • Artificial gravity (AG) and exercise (EX) are potential countermeasures.
  • Understanding calcium absorption and excretion during these conditions is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of artificial gravity (AG) and exercise (EX) in mitigating bone calcium loss during bed rest.
  • To investigate the impact of AG and EX on calcium absorption, balance, and excretion.
  • To determine optimal strategies for maintaining bone mineral density during simulated or actual spaceflight.

Main Methods:

  • Two bed rest studies were conducted: one with AG (21 days) and one with resistance EX (28 days).
  • Stable isotopes of calcium (Ca) were administered orally and intravenously.
  • Blood, urine, and fecal samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry and compartmental modeling.

Main Results:

  • Artificial gravity (AG) did not improve calcium balance and subjects absorbed less calcium during bed rest.
  • Exercise (EX) did not alter calcium balance, despite decreased absorption and increased urinary excretion, due to reduced endogenous excretion and a trend towards increased bone deposition.
  • Calcium intake decreased during bed rest in both AG and EX studies, leading to lower absorbed calcium.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining or increasing calcium intake is essential during bed rest or spaceflight to preserve bone calcium.
  • Exercise shows potential as a countermeasure by reducing calcium excretion.
  • Artificial gravity, in the tested protocol, did not effectively counteract bone calcium loss.