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Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Longevity and its regulation: centenarians and beyond.

L Robert1, T Fulop

  • 1Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Paris V University, Paris, France.

Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology
|May 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Human longevity is influenced by genetics and environment, with increased life expectancy but persistent pathologies in centenarians. Body resistance, regulated by genes like Sirtuins and mTOR, determines the ultimate limit to human lifespan.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Genetics
  • Molecular Biology of Aging

Background:

  • Human life expectancy has increased, with a later onset of fatal diseases.
  • Centenarians often exhibit severe pathologies, suggesting resistance mechanisms are key.
  • The extreme limit of human lifespan is reached by a small fraction (<1%) of individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the factors regulating human longevity and resistance to aging.
  • To examine the role of specific gene expressions in determining lifespan.
  • To understand the biological limits of human performance and resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of geriatrician Svanborg's findings on centenarian health.
  • Analysis of autopsy data from centenarians revealing pathologies.
  • Discussion of genetic factors influencing body resistance, including Sirtuins and mTOR pathways.

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Main Results:

  • Increased life expectancy does not eliminate severe pathologies in centenarians.
  • Gene expression, particularly Sirtuins and mTOR pathways, is crucial for body resistance.
  • A biological limit to human performance and resistance exists, evidenced by the rarity of supercentenarians.

Conclusions:

  • Longevity is a complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental influences.
  • Genetic regulation of resistance, involving pathways like Sirtuins and mTOR, is critical for extending lifespan.
  • The human body's performance and resistance have inherent limits, suggesting a 'tinkering' process in nature rather than perfect design.