Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 29, 2026
11:02
Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
Published on: November 29, 2024
1.4K
Plasma metabolic profiling analysis of nephrotoxicity induced by acyclovir using metabonomics coupled with
Xiuxiu Zhang1, Yubo Li1, Huifang Zhou2
1Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
|May 28, 2014
Summary
Acyclovir (ACV) causes dose-dependent kidney damage. Metabonomics identified key disrupted metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid and tryptophan metabolism, offering insights into acyclovir-induced kidney injury mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Acyclovir (ACV) is a vital antiviral medication.
- Acyclovir's clinical utility is hindered by nephrotoxicity, a significant adverse effect.
- Metabonomics offers a powerful approach to understand drug-induced metabolic changes in biological systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the metabolic alterations and pathways associated with acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity.
- To utilize mass spectrometry-based metabonomics for identifying plasma biomarkers of kidney injury.
- To elucidate the dose-dependent effects of acyclovir on kidney tissue metabolism.
Main Methods:
- Employing mass spectrometry-based metabonomics for plasma sample analysis.
- Utilizing multivariate data analysis to interpret complex metabolic profiles.
- Administering low (50mg/kg) and high (100mg/kg) doses of acyclovir intraperitoneally to induce nephrotoxicity.
Main Results:
- Identified sixteen key plasma metabolites and biomarkers linked to acyclovir exposure.
- Confirmed a dose-dependent relationship between acyclovir administration and observed nephrotoxicity.
- Revealed significant disruption in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, tryptophan, arginine and proline, and glycerophospholipid.
Conclusions:
- Metabonomics effectively identifies metabolic perturbations associated with drug-induced kidney injury.
- The study provides a metabolic basis for understanding acyclovir's nephrotoxic mechanism.
- This approach can be applied to further investigate drug toxicity and develop protective strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
557
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
557
01:25Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance
369
In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance...
369
01:22Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction
1.4K
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
1.4K
01:27Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
93
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
93
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
2.2K
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
2.2K
01:26Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods
342
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
342