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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus
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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus

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[Vaccination and pregnancy].

Olivia Anselem1, Sophie Parat1, Anne Théau1

  • 1Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel-Dieu, maternité Port-Royal, DHU risques et grossesse, 75014 Paris, France; Fondation PremUp, 75014 Paris, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|May 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnant women should receive influenza vaccines regardless of trimester. Live vaccines like MMR and varicella are contraindicated, but others like hepatitis B and tetanus can be given as needed, with specific considerations for yellow fever and postpartum pertussis prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vaccination is crucial for maternal and infant health, but specific recommendations vary during pregnancy and postpartum.
  • Live vaccines pose risks during pregnancy, necessitating careful consideration of vaccine types and timing.
  • Pertussis (whooping cough) prevention in newborns is a significant public health concern, with strategies like maternal vaccination and cocooning employed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline recommended vaccination guidelines for pregnant and postpartum women.
  • To differentiate between safe and contraindicated vaccines during pregnancy.
  • To detail strategies for preventing pertussis in newborns through maternal and contact vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current vaccination guidelines and recommendations for pregnant and postpartum individuals.
  • Analysis of vaccine safety profiles, particularly concerning live attenuated vaccines during pregnancy.
  • Examination of public health strategies for pertussis prevention in neonates, including maternal immunization and cocooning.

Main Results:

  • Influenza vaccination is recommended for all pregnant women, irrespective of trimester.
  • Live vaccines (e.g., varicella, MMR) are contraindicated during pregnancy.
  • Non-live vaccines (e.g., hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis A) can be administered as indicated; yellow fever vaccine may be considered for travelers to endemic areas.
  • Postpartum vaccination, including for pertussis, is recommended for mothers and close contacts to protect newborns.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination decisions during pregnancy require careful assessment of vaccine type, timing, and individual risk factors.
  • Maternal vaccination and cocooning are effective strategies for protecting newborns from preventable diseases like pertussis.
  • Adherence to updated vaccination schedules ensures optimal protection for both mother and child during the critical perinatal period.