[Inequalities in physical inactivity according educational level in Spain, 1987 and 2007]
Clara Maestre-Miquel1, David Martínez2, Begoña Polonio1
1Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Terapia Ocupacional, Logopedia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, España.
Objective:
To compare the magnitude of inequalities in the frequency of physical inactivity in Spain in 1987 and 2007, and assess whether the magnitude of inequality varies depending on the wealth of the area of residence.
Design:
Descriptive cross-sectional study, national scope.
Participants:
Data from the National Health Survey, 1987 and 2007, adult population between 25-64 years: 30,000 individuals (1987) and 29,478 (2006/7).
Main Measurements:
Main outcomes variable, leisure-time physical inactivity; exposure factor, educational level. An analysis was made of the prevalence and association using odds ratio (OR). Adjustment for socioeconomic variables: age, marital status, employment status, social class of head of household, and household income.
Results:
Physical inactivity prevalence decreased in the two decades. There were more than three times more inactive males among those with primary education or less, compared to those with university studies. The magnitude of inequalities has increased in time: in a 45-64 years old man with primary school education: OR 2.43 (1.91-3.09) in 1987, to OR 2.77 (2.17-3.54) in 2007, adjusted for all socioeconomic variables.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of physical inactivity decreased between 1987 and 2007, and the largest decreases were in individuals with university studies. The gap in the differences in prevalence and OR of leisure-time physical inactivity has increased over time. It's necessary to contribute, with health education strategies and equity promotion are needed to help reduce the inequalities in risk behaviors.
