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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

12.4K

Preoperative assessment of the older patient: a narrative review.

Lawrence B Oresanya1, William L Lyons2, Emily Finlayson1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco.

JAMA
|May 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Older adults face significant surgical risks from conditions like cognitive impairment and frailty. Comprehensive pre-operative assessments and clear communication of risks are crucial for informed surgical decisions in this population.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Surgical Outcomes Research
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Surgery in older adults is associated with increased risks of mortality, complications, and functional decline.
  • Preoperative evaluation, risk assessment, and optimization are critical for this patient group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review decision-making for older surgical patients by defining treatment goals and examining risk factors for adverse outcomes.
  • To propose assessment and optimization strategies for elderly surgical patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies from 2000-2013 in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science.
  • Included patients over 60 years, focusing on geriatric conditions (functional/cognitive impairment, malnutrition, frailty) and their relation to mortality and complications.

Main Results:

  • 54 studies analyzed, involving over 1.5 million patients.
  • Significant heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes.
  • Preoperative conditions like cognitive impairment, malnutrition, and institutionalization were linked to increased mortality and complications, including delirium and discharge to facilities.

Conclusions:

  • Geriatric conditions are associated with adverse surgical outcomes in older adults.
  • Comprehensive evaluation of treatment goals and realistic risk communication are essential for individualized surgical decision-making.