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Genomic divergence in a ring species complex.

Miguel Alcaide1, Elizabeth S C Scordato2, Trevor D Price3

  • 11] Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [2] Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.

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|May 30, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The greenish warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides) ring species shows occasional hybridization between isolated populations, challenging speciation by distance. Genome-wide data reveal historical gene flow breaks and varying reproductive isolation around the Tibetan ring.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Speciation Studies
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Ring species offer insights into gradual speciation but are infrequently observed.
  • The greenish warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides) complex forms a ring around Tibet, with two reproductively isolated Siberian forms and a connecting gradient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate historical gene flow and hybridization patterns within the greenish warbler ring species using genome-wide data.
  • To clarify the evolutionary processes, including geographical isolation and interbreeding, that shape this complex.
  • To test the speciation by distance hypothesis in this avian model.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analyses of genetic variation across the greenish warbler populations.
  • Assessment of spatial patterns of genetic and phenotypic characteristics.
  • Evaluation of reproductive isolation and introgression levels between divergent forms.

Main Results:

  • Genetic variation patterns align with a ring species, but historical gene flow breaks occurred at multiple points.
  • The two Siberian forms have occasionally interbred, with limited asymmetric introgression.
  • Geographical isolation periods were identified in the north and western Himalayas, the latter featuring a significant hybrid zone.
  • Reproductive isolation and introgression levels correlate with phenotypic divergence, showing divergence in the north and similarity with interbreeding in the southwest.

Conclusions:

  • The greenish warbler complex challenges the speciation by distance model.
  • Speciation involves periods of isolation and subsequent interbreeding, leading to a continuum of divergence.
  • This study highlights complex evolutionary dynamics within a ring species, with selection influencing introgressed genes.