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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Protein Organization01:24

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Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames
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A draft map of the human proteome.

Min-Sik Kim1, Sneha M Pinto2, Derese Getnet3

  • 11] McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

Nature
|May 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a human proteome map using mass spectrometry, identifying proteins from 17,294 genes. This comprehensive protein map aids biomedical research in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Genomics
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • The human genome sequence is available, but a comprehensive human proteome map with direct protein measurements is lacking.
  • This gap hinders a complete understanding of biological processes in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a draft map of the human proteome.
  • To identify proteins and novel protein-coding regions using advanced proteomic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution Fourier-transform mass spectrometry was employed for in-depth proteomic profiling.
  • Analysis included 30 histologically normal human samples across various tissue types and cell populations.
  • A proteogenomic analysis strategy was utilized.

Main Results:

  • Identification of proteins encoded by 17,294 genes, representing approximately 84% of annotated protein-coding genes.
  • Discovery of novel protein-coding regions, including translated pseudogenes, non-coding RNAs, and upstream open reading frames.
  • Development of a comprehensive human proteome catalog available as a web resource.

Conclusions:

  • The developed human proteome map significantly advances our understanding of human biology.
  • This resource complements existing genomic and transcriptomic data.
  • It is expected to accelerate biomedical research and the study of diseases.