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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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[Thyroid hormone and skeletal metabolism].

Kazumichi Onigata1

  • 1Postgraduate Clinical Practice Center, Department of Pediatrics Shimane University Hospital, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|May 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The thyroid axis is crucial for bone health throughout life. Thyroid dysfunction can impair bone development and increase fracture risk in adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Skeletal Development

Context:

  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis regulates bone metabolism and skeletal development.
  • Thyroid dysfunction, such as hypothyroidism, negatively impacts bone maturation and increases fracture risk.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the role of thyroid hormones and their receptors in skeletal health.
  • To understand the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action in bone cells.

Summary:

  • Thyroid hormone actions in skeletal cells are primarily mediated by thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRα).
  • Type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinase enzymes (DIO2 and DIO3) regulate active thyroid hormone (T3) levels.
  • Maintaining euthyroid status is essential for bone metabolism homeostasis.

Impact:

  • Highlights the critical role of thyroid hormones in preventing skeletal abnormalities.
  • Provides insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone's effects on bone.
  • Emphasizes the importance of thyroid hormone balance for maintaining bone integrity and preventing fractures.