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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

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During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping
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[FGF23 and skeletal metabolism].

Toshimi Michigami1

  • 1Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|May 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) regulates phosphate and vitamin D levels. Dysregulation of FGF23 causes bone diseases like rickets and tumoral calcinosis.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Mineral Metabolism
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an endocrine hormone produced by osteocytes.
  • FGF23 regulates phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D production.
  • Imbalances in FGF23 signaling are linked to skeletal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of FGF23 in mineral homeostasis.
  • To highlight the connection between FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D.
  • To explore emerging functions of FGF23 in bone cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of FGF23 research.
  • Analysis of studies on FGF23 and mineral balance.
  • Examination of recent findings on FGF23's direct effects.

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Main Results:

  • FGF23 increases phosphate excretion and suppresses 1,25(OH)2D production.
  • Loss-of-function mutations in FGF23 cause tumoral calcinosis.
  • Gain-of-function mutations cause hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia.
  • 1,25(OH)2D stimulates FGF23 production, creating a regulatory loop.

Conclusions:

  • FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D are critical for mineral homeostasis.
  • FGF23 has direct effects on osteoblasts and chondrocytes.
  • Further research into FGF23's functions is warranted.