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Diet pattern and longevity: do simple rules suffice? A commentary.

David R Jacobs1, Michael J Orlich1

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Focusing on whole foods, not just nutrients, improves health. A food-based diet quality score showed reduced mortality, emphasizing whole foods and limiting processed items.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Dietary Policy

Background:

  • Nutritionism's reductionist approach to nutrients has implications for science, industry, and public understanding.
  • A nutrient-centric public discourse complicates consumer interpretation of dietary information.
  • The food industry faces challenges competing based on nutrient statements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose food synergy as an alternative to nutrient-focused dietary guidance.
  • To introduce a food-based dietary assessment tool, the A Priori Diet Quality Score.
  • To evaluate the association between the food-based score and health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Iowa Women's Health Study cohort.
  • Developed and applied the food-based A Priori Diet Quality Score.
  • Analyzed the relationship between diet quality score quartiles and total mortality.

Main Results:

  • A substantial reduction in total mortality was observed with increasing quartiles of the A Priori Diet Quality Score.
  • The score's underlying principles suggest minimizing meat, salt, added sugar, and processed foods.
  • Emphasis was placed on consuming phytochemical-rich foods.

Conclusions:

  • A food-based approach to dietary policy offers clarity and potential health benefits.
  • Shifting focus to whole foods can guide nutrition policy, industry practices, and scientific research.
  • Addressing food access, sustainability, and quality remains critical for public health.