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Three stages and two systems of visual processing.

G Sperling1

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003.

Spatial Vision
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Visual processing involves three noise stages: dark, sensory, and postsensory. Postsensory noise uniquely impacts strong signals, crucial for object recognition and motion perception via parallel visual regimes.

Area of Science:

  • Visual neuroscience
  • Perceptual psychology
  • Computational vision

Background:

  • Internal noise in visual processing impacts perception.
  • Noise arises from distinct stages: light adaptation, contrast gain control, and postsensory/decision processes.
  • Different noise types (dark, sensory, postsensory) affect signals differently based on intensity and frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the characteristics and impact of different internal noise stages in visual processing.
  • To explain how these noise stages influence the perception of both weak and strong signals.
  • To elucidate the roles of first-order (linear) and second-order (nonlinear) perceptual regimes in object recognition and motion perception.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of visual processing stages, including light adaptation and contrast gain control.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Characterization of dark noise, sensory noise, and postsensory noise properties.
  • Examination of two parallel perceptual regimes: first-order linear and second-order nonlinear (rectifying).

    • Main Results:

    • Dark noise precedes adaptation, influencing absolute thresholds; sensory noise follows adaptation, affecting contrast thresholds.
    • Postsensory noise, occurring after contrast gain control, mimics multiplicative noise and affects strong signals.
    • The rectifying, second-order regime demodulates high spatial frequencies, aiding perception at higher processing levels, albeit with reduced statistical efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Visual noise is staged, with postsensory noise being critical for strong signal discrimination.
    • Two parallel visual pathways, linear and nonlinear, contribute to object recognition and motion perception.
    • Rectification in the second-order pathway enhances neural efficiency at the cost of noise resistance for high spatial frequencies.