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Related Concept Videos

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
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Calcium-sensing receptor 20 years later.

Tariq I Alfadda1, Ahmad M A Saleh1, Pascal Houillier2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
|May 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in sensing environmental cues. Research highlights its role in cellular ion transport and its implications in various diseases.

Keywords:
G protein-coupled receptorscalcimimeticsdivalent ionsgastrointestinal tractkidney

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with diverse tissue distribution.
  • It possesses unique exofacial lobes that sense environmental cues like salinity, pH, and amino acid concentrations.
  • CaSR plays a critical role in modulating cellular ion transport and overall physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the CaSR at the cellular level.
  • To detail how CaSR targeting modulates cellular ion transport mechanisms.
  • To highlight the importance of CaSR in both normal physiology and pathophysiology, including the effects of receptor mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CaSR.
  • Analysis of CaSR's structure and function.
  • Discussion of CaSR's role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes.

Main Results:

  • CaSR's homology with other GPCRs explains its widespread presence in different tissues.
  • CaSR's unique sensing capabilities allow it to interact with multiple organ systems.
  • Receptor mutations have been identified to affect cellular and organ physiology.

Conclusions:

  • The CaSR is a crucial receptor with significant implications in health and disease.
  • Understanding CaSR's role is vital for developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into CaSR is encouraged to explore its full potential in cellular, organ, and systemic physiology and pathophysiology.