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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Anaphylaxis and sport.

Matteo Bonini1, Paolo Palange

  • 1Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|May 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights limited evidence on exercise-induced anaphylaxis, with findings on IL-4 gene variants and allergen chip screening for athletes at risk. Further research is needed for better understanding and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Clinical Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a rare but serious condition.
  • Understanding EIA's mechanisms and treatment is crucial for affected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
  • To provide updated evidence on pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature published between February 2013 and January 2014.
  • Searched major electronic databases and hand-searched key journals.
  • 17 articles were selected, including experimental trials, case reports, and letters.

Main Results:

  • The overall quality of evidence was very low, with no randomized controlled trials found.
  • Studies focused on prevalence, triggers, and pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Identified the IL-4-C590T polymorphism's influence on wheat-dependent EIA and the utility of allergen chip technique for screening at-risk athletes.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence on exercise-induced anaphylaxis is limited and of low quality.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms and refine treatment strategies.
  • Specific genetic factors and diagnostic tools show promise for managing EIA.