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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

278
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
278
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
7.2K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

206
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
206
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

266
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
266

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

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Anaphylaxis: still a ghost behind allergen immunotherapy.

Melina Makatsori1, Moises A Calderon

  • 1aSection of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London bNational Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|May 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Anaphylaxis risk from allergen immunotherapy is low. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has a very rare severe reaction rate, while sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has no reported fatalities, making both safe options.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Allergen immunotherapy is effective for allergies.
  • Concerns about anaphylaxis may limit its use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess anaphylaxis risk in subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).

Main Methods:

  • Review of retrospective surveillance surveys and prospective studies.
  • Analysis of systemic reaction incidence and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • SCIT severe systemic reactions occur at approximately 1 in 1 million injections.
  • No fatalities reported for SLIT; anaphylaxis cases are very rare globally.

Conclusions:

  • Safety guidelines have reduced immunotherapy-related reactions.
  • Clinicians must remain vigilant and prepared for emergencies during immunotherapy administration.