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Xiaomin Li1, Rui Wang, Fan Zhang

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Homogeneous doping of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) using a layer-by-layer method significantly boosts efficiency. This approach nearly doubles quantum yield compared to heterogeneous doping, enhancing UCNP applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer promise in various applications.
  • Low upconversion efficiency remains a significant limitation for UCNPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel homogeneous doping approach for enhancing UCNP efficiency.
  • To explore the impact of dopant distribution on UCNP optical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Successive layer-by-layer method for homogeneous doping of UCNPs.
  • Single-particle level analysis of dopant distribution and optical properties.
  • Fabrication of core/shell UCNPs with controlled doping.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a quantum yield of 0.89 ± 0.05% for homogeneous doping NaGdF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 UCNPs, nearly double that of heterogeneous doping (0.47 ± 0.05%).
  • Demonstrated that heterogeneous doping, prevalent in spontaneous growth, negatively impacts UCNP luminescent efficiency.
  • Showcased a 20%-30% improvement in multicolor emission intensity for core/shell UCNPs using homogeneous doping.

Conclusions:

  • Homogeneous doping via layer-by-layer assembly effectively controls dopant distribution, significantly improving UCNP efficiency.
  • This method provides a pathway for engineering high-quality UCNPs with tailored optical properties by controlling dopant localization.
  • The findings open avenues for advanced UCNP applications through precise nanostructure and optical property engineering.