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Pathophysiology of hypnic headache.

Dagny Holle1, Steffen Naegel2, Mark Obermann2

  • 1Department of Neurology and Westgerman Headache Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany dagny.holle@uk-essen.de.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|May 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare sleep-related headache. While its exact cause remains unknown, research suggests potential links to circadian rhythms and caffeine, with hypothalamic involvement being a likely factor.

Keywords:
Hypnic headachecaffeinehypothalamusindomethacinsleep

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache disorder.
  • Characterized by strictly sleep-related headache attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current research on the pathophysiology of hypnic headache.
  • To explore potential underlying mechanisms based on clinical characteristics like circadian rhythmicity and caffeine responsiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current studies on HH pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of cerebral imaging, sleep, and electrophysiology data.
  • Discussion of drug effectiveness and symptomatic headache types.

Main Results:

  • Hypnic headache is distinct from other primary headaches like migraine and cluster headache based on clinical presentation and study results.
  • Imaging and electrophysiological studies aid in differentiating HH.

Conclusions:

  • The pathophysiology of hypnic headache remains largely enigmatic.
  • Evidence suggests a likely involvement of the hypothalamus in HH.