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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

80
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
80
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

22
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

206
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
206
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

57
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

219
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
219
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

379
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Identifying Inhibitors of the HBx-DDB1 Interaction Using a Split Luciferase Assay System
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Bortezomib induced hepatitis B reactivation.

Salwa Hussain1, Ruby Jhaj1, Samira Ahsan1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, 16001 W 9 Mile Road, Southfield, MI 48075, USA.

Case Reports in Medicine
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Hepatitis B reactivation can occur in multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib and lenalidomide, even with resolved infection. Monitoring for hepatitis B virus (HBV) activation is crucial for hepatitis B core positive individuals undergoing therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hepatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a known complication in lymphoma patients treated with rituximab and stem cell transplantation, particularly those who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative.
  • Clinical data on HBV reactivation in multiple myeloma (MM) is scarce, with only a few cases reported.
  • Bortezomib and lenalidomide are effective treatments for MM but may pose a risk for viral reactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of HBV reactivation in a multiple myeloma patient treated with bortezomib and lenalidomide.
  • To discuss the implications of HBV reactivation in MM patients undergoing novel therapies.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 73-year-old female with MM is presented.
  • The patient received bortezomib, liposomal doxorubicin, and subsequently lenalidomide for MM.
  • Serial monitoring of HBV serology was performed.

Main Results:

  • The patient, initially HBsAg negative with resolved HBV infection, developed HBV reactivation (seroconversion) one month after switching to lenalidomide therapy.
  • This reactivation occurred despite prior treatment with bortezomib and liposomal doxorubicin.

Conclusions:

  • Bortezomib-associated late HBV reactivation is a potential concern in MM patients, requiring further investigation.
  • The findings suggest that monitoring for HBV activation may be beneficial for hepatitis B core positive individuals receiving MM therapies.