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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
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Competition between covalent bonding and charge transfer at complex-oxide interfaces.

Juan Salafranca1, Julián Rincón2, Javier Tornos3

  • 1Grupo de Física de Materiales Complejos, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We mapped electron transfer across cuprate-manganite interfaces, revealing a nonmonotonic charge profile due to competing electronic and chemical factors. This study enhances understanding of high-temperature superconductors and colossal magnetoresistance materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Cuprate-manganite interfaces are crucial for understanding high-temperature superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance.
  • Investigating electronic properties at these interfaces is key to novel device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the transition metal oxidation state profile at the atomic scale across cuprate-manganite interfaces.
  • To understand the mechanisms governing charge transfer and profile formation.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy were employed.
  • Subnanometer scale mapping of transition metal oxidation states was performed.
  • Model calculations were used to rationalize observed charge profiles.

Main Results:

  • A net transfer of electrons from the manganite to the cuprate was observed.
  • A peculiar nonmonotonic charge profile was revealed at the interface.
  • Competition between band mismatch, chemical bonding, and Cu substitution influences the charge profile.

Conclusions:

  • The electronic properties of cuprate-manganite interfaces are governed by a complex interplay of factors.
  • Understanding these charge transfer dynamics is essential for designing advanced electronic materials.
  • The findings provide insights into the fundamental physics of complex oxide heterostructures.