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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of Three Afatinib-resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma PC-9 Cell Lines Developed with Increasing Doses of Afatinib
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[Afatinib (BIBW 2992)].

N Prim1, M Fore1, B Mennecier1

  • 1Service de pneumologie, pôle de pathologie thoracique, nouvel hôpital civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, porte de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.

Revue De Pneumologie Clinique
|June 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Afatinib, an irreversible HER receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows promise for advanced solid tumors, particularly metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. It received FDA and European approval in 2013 for first-line treatment.

Keywords:
AfatinibBIBW 2992Cancer bronchiqueEGFRInhibiteur tyrosine kinaseLung cancerTyrosine kinase inhibitor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Afatinib is an irreversible multi-target HER receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
  • Investigated for advanced solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and comment on the main results of clinical studies involving afatinib in lung cancer patients.
  • Evaluate afatinib's efficacy in advanced solid tumors, particularly NSCLC.

Main Methods:

  • Phase I, II, and III clinical studies were conducted.
  • Patient selection based on prior EGFR-TKI response or EGFR activating mutation status.
  • Afatinib administered as a single agent or in combination therapies.

Main Results:

  • Afatinib demonstrated efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors.
  • Specific focus on metastatic NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
  • Received FDA approval in June 2013 and European approval in September 2013 for first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Afatinib is an approved targeted therapy for first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations.
  • The drug's development involved extensive clinical trials to establish its efficacy and safety profile.