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New antimicrobial approaches to gram positive respiratory infections

Adamantia Liapikou1, Catia Cilloniz2, Josep Mensa3

  • 16th Respiratory Department, Sotiria Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|June 1, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens necessitates new treatments. Emerging oral antibiotics offer solutions for outpatient care, requiring optimized use of existing and novel drugs.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Growing resistance in Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens causing respiratory infections is a significant clinical challenge.
  • Specific threats include penicillin- and macrolide-resistant pneumococci, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Ca-MRSA), and glycopeptide-resistant staphylococci.
  • These trends highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of therapeutic alternatives for respiratory tract infections caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
  • To discuss the development and potential impact of new antibiotic agents, particularly oral formulations, for outpatient treatment.
  • To emphasize the importance of optimizing antibiotic use in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent clinical trials and approved therapies for resistant Gram-positive respiratory infections.
  • Analysis of emerging antibiotic classes and specific agents targeting resistant pathogens.
  • Discussion on the clinical implications of new oral antibiotics for community-acquired infections.

Main Results:

  • Several new agents, including ceftaroline, ceftopibrole, telavancin, and tedizolid, show activity against resistant Gram-positive respiratory pathogens and are in clinical trials or approved.
  • Novel oral antibiotics such as nemonoxacin, omadacyclin, cethromycin, and solithromycin are being developed, addressing the need for outpatient treatment options.
  • These advancements offer promising alternatives to combat challenging Gram-positive respiratory infections.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development and clinical adoption of new therapeutic agents.
  • New oral antibiotics represent a significant advancement for managing outpatient respiratory infections.
  • Optimizing the use of both existing and novel antibiotics is crucial for effectively treating serious Gram-positive respiratory infections in the future.
Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceCeftaroline fosamil (Pubmed CID:73425380)Ceftopibrole (Pubmed CID: 6918430)Cethromycin (Pubmed CID: 447451)Gram (+) respiratory pathogensMRSANemonoxacin (Pubmed CID: 11993740)New antibioticsOmadacycline (Pubmed CID:54697325)Solithromycin (Pubmed CID: 56842140)Tedizolid phosphate (Pubmed CID: 11476460)Telavancin (Pubmed CID:3081362)Treatment

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