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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Published on: November 28, 2015
Blocking immunosuppressive checkpoints for glioma therapy: the more the Merrier!
Maria G Castro1, Gregory J Baker2, Pedro R Lowenstein3
1Departments of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and mariacas@umich.edu.
Abstract:
Immunosuppressive checkpoints mediated by IDO, CTLA4, and PD1/PDL1 play a critical role in glioma progression and the efficacy of immunotherapies. Combined blockade of these immunosuppressive checkpoints in a glioma model elicited long-term survival. This combined blockade adds to the armamentarium of anti-glioma therapies, which could be implemented in clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5147-9. ©2014 AACR.
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