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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray ngTMA Protocol for Biomarker Studies

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray ngTMA Protocol for Biomarker Studies

Published on: September 23, 2014

A handcrafted tissue microarray for a matrix arrangement of tissue samples.

João P A Sampaio¹, José R Cavalcante¹, Francisco N N Furtado¹

¹Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

|June 1, 2014

Summary

This study introduces a cost-effective manual method for creating tissue microarrays (TMA) using a leather puncher and crochet needle, making TMA technology more accessible for pathology labs.

Keywords:

Diagnostic pathology Immunohistochemistry Pathology Tissue microarray

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Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray ngTMA Protocol for Biomarker Studies

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SpOT the Correct Tissue Every Time in Multi-tissue Blocks

Published on: May 31, 2015

Area of Science:

Pathology
Histotechnology

Background:

Tissue microarrays (TMA) facilitate efficient immunohistochemical screening.
High cost of commercial TMA instruments limits accessibility for many pathology laboratories.
Adaptations are needed to reduce TMA-associated costs.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel, cost-effective approach for producing tissue microarray recipient blocks.
To offer an alternative to conventional TMA methods for pathology laboratories with limited budgets.

Main Methods:

Utilized a manual leather puncher (2mm inner diameter) to extract tissue cores from donor paraffin blocks.
Prepared recipient paraffin blocks with 24 equidistant holes using a 2mm crochet needle.
Transferred tissue cores into recipient block holes for subsequent histopathological analysis.

Main Results:

Successfully created tissue microarray recipient blocks using manual tools.
Demonstrated a viable alternative to conventional TMA construction.

Conclusions:

A new, affordable manual method for producing tissue microarray recipient blocks was developed.
This approach enhances the accessibility of TMA technology in resource-limited settings.