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Intracranial hypotension and hypertension in children and adolescents

Aynur Ozge1, Hayrunnisa Bolay

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, 33079, Mersin, Turkey, aynurozge@gmail.com.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|June 2, 2014
PubMed

Insights

This review details intracranial pressure changes in children, focusing on spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). It highlights their unique presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatments in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Intracranial pressure (ICP) changes, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), are less understood in pediatric populations.
  • Headache associated with ICP variations is relatively rare and often overlooked in children and adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct features of SIH and IIH in children and adolescents.
  • To emphasize the presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for these conditions in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pediatric cases of SIH and IIH.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • SIH in children presents with orthostatic headache, often linked to connective tissue disorders, and typically responds well to medical management and epidural blood patching.
  • IIH in children differs from adult presentations, often manifesting with strabismus and stiff neck rather than classic headache or tinnitus, and has a distinct outcome.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric intracranial pressure abnormalities require specialized diagnostic and management approaches.
  • Understanding the unique characteristics of SIH and IIH in children is crucial for effective clinical care.

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