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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

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Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia01:24

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

47
DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Dendritic Cells Maturation Using Sialidases-Based Enzymatic Treatment of the Cell Surface
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[Necrotizing sialometaplasia].

Timo Atula, Jaana Hagström

    Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
    |June 3, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a rare inflammatory condition that mimics oral cancer. This condition typically affects the palate and resolves on its own, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis to prevent unnecessary treatments.

    Area of Science:

    • Oral pathology
    • Inflammatory diseases
    • Surgical oncology

    Background:

    • Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a rare, benign inflammatory condition.
    • It often presents clinically and histologically mimicking malignant salivary gland tumors.
    • NS commonly affects the palatal mucosa.

    Observation:

    • A case is presented where a suspected oral tumor was diagnosed.
    • The lesion was located on the palatal mucosa.
    • Clinical and histological examination was performed.

    Findings:

    • The oral lesion was definitively diagnosed as necrotizing sialometaplasia.
    • The condition mimicked a malignant tumor but was inflammatory in nature.
    • The lesion was observed to heal spontaneously within months.

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    Implications:

    • Accurate differential diagnosis of necrotizing sialometaplasia is crucial.
    • Avoiding misdiagnosis prevents potentially excessive and unnecessary surgical or oncological therapies.
    • This case underscores the importance of considering benign conditions that resemble malignancy in oral pathology.