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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

Nonarthritic hip joint pain.

Keelan Enseki¹, Marcie Harris-Hayes, Douglas M White

¹Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Residency Program Director Centers for Rehab Services/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center UPMC Center for Sports Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ensekikr@upmc.edu.

The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy

|June 3, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study provides evidence-based guidelines for physical therapists managing nonarthritic hip joint pain. It summarizes current literature to support best practices in orthopaedic physical therapy.

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Area of Science:

Orthopaedic physical therapy
Musculoskeletal impairments
Evidence-based practice

Background:

The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) Orthopaedic Section is developing practice guidelines.
Guidelines are based on the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).
Focus is on patients with musculoskeletal impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review peer-reviewed literature on nonarthritic hip joint pain.
To provide recommendations for orthopaedic physical therapy management.
To establish evidence-based practice guidelines.

Main Methods:

Literature search of peer-reviewed studies.
Synthesis of existing research findings.
Development of clinical recommendations.

Main Results:

Summary of current evidence for nonarthritic hip joint pain.
Identification of effective physical therapy interventions.
Recommendations for patient management.

Conclusions:

Evidence-based guidelines are crucial for managing nonarthritic hip joint pain.
Physical therapists can optimize patient outcomes with these guidelines.
Further research may refine treatment strategies.