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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

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Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
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Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat

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Peripheral nerve blocks for ambulatory surgery.

Francis V Salinas1, Raymond S Joseph1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, B2-AN, Seattle, WA 98101-2756, USA.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|June 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) improve recovery for same-day surgery. Ultrasound guidance enhances PNB success and safety, with continuous techniques offering extended pain relief.

Keywords:
Ambulatory surgeryContinuous peripheral nerve blocksPeripheral nerve blocksUltrasound guidance

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia
  • Surgical Recovery

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are crucial for postoperative pain management in ambulatory surgery.
  • Continuous PNB techniques offer prolonged analgesia compared to single injections.
  • Ultrasound guidance has become integral to PNB procedures, improving outcomes and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of indications for PNBs in ambulatory settings.
  • To discuss clinically relevant aspects of common upper and lower extremity PNBs.
  • To highlight single-injection and continuous PNB techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PNBs in ambulatory surgery.
  • Focus on ultrasound-guided techniques for improved success and efficiency.
  • Emphasis on practical application of single-injection and continuous PNBs.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound guidance significantly enhances PNB success, efficiency, and safety.
  • PNBs improve postoperative analgesia and quality of recovery for ambulatory patients.
  • Continuous PNBs extend the benefits of analgesia beyond single-injection durations.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound-guided PNBs are increasingly utilized in ambulatory surgery due to improved outcomes.
  • Both single-injection and continuous PNB techniques are valuable for managing pain in ambulatory settings.
  • PNBs, particularly with ultrasound guidance, reduce the risk of local anesthetic systemic toxicity.