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Related Concept Videos

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Olfactory event-related potentials in infants.

Valentin A Schriever1, Maria Góis-Eanes2, Benno Schuster1

  • 1Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|June 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) were successfully recorded in infants, offering an objective measure of olfactory function. Both time-domain and time-frequency analyses proved valuable for interpreting these infant olfactory responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Physiology
  • Infant Development

Background:

  • Assessing olfactory function in infants is crucial for understanding early sensory development.
  • Objective measures are needed to complement subjective infant behavioral assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) as an objective method for measuring olfactory function in infants.
  • To establish the feasibility of recording OERPs in a neonatal cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Odor stimulation using phenylethyl alcohol delivered via a computer-controlled olfactometer.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) recording using the 10-20 system in 13 infants (23-41 days old).
  • Data analysis employing time-domain averaging and time-frequency analysis with MatLab's Letswave toolbox.

Main Results:

  • Successful OERP recording in 7 out of 10 infants who completed the study.
  • Consistent N1 peak at 328 ms and P2 peak at 505 ms observed.
  • Time-frequency analysis revealed increased low-frequency activity (4-7 Hz) around 550 ms post-odor presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) can be objectively recorded in infants.
  • Both time-domain averaging and time-frequency analysis are effective methods for analyzing infant OERPs.
  • OERPs provide a valuable, objective tool for assessing infant olfactory function.