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Updated: Apr 28, 2026
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Symptom based diagnosis of infant under one year in outpatient clinic
Sangyoun Han1, Ungsoo Samuel Kim2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Insights
Common infant eye problems include discharge, tearing, and redness. However, poor eye contact or abnormal eye movements in infants warrant a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination for accurate diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Infant eye conditions require prompt diagnosis and management.
- Understanding the link between parental complaints and diagnosed ocular disorders is crucial for pediatric eye care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate common chief complaints and ocular disorders in infants under one year of age.
- To analyze the association between specific chief complaints and diagnosed ocular disorders in this age group.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of medical records for 815 infants under one year of age.
- Categorization of chief complaints into 11 distinct groups, including ocular discharge, abnormal eye movement, and poor eye contact.
- Correlation analysis between reported symptoms and ophthalmologic examination findings/diagnoses.
Main Results:
- Ocular discharge was the most frequent complaint, often linked to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction or conjunctivitis.
- Abnormal eyeball movement was another common complaint, with pseudoesotropia being a frequent diagnosis (51.9%).
- Poor eye contact complaints led to diagnoses including retinal disorders, optic nerve issues, cataract, glaucoma, and high hyperopia.
Conclusions:
- The most prevalent ocular symptoms in infants are discharge, epiphora (tearing), and red eye.
- Infants presenting with poor eye contact or suspected abnormal eye movements require thorough ophthalmologic evaluation to rule out serious underlying conditions.
Purpose:
We investigated chief complaints and ocular disorders in infants under one year of age and analyzed the association between complaints and disorders.
Methods:
The medical records of 815 infants were reviewed. Chief complaints were grouped into the following 11 categories: eyelid drooping, epiphora (tearing), ocular discharge, lid swelling, eyelashes touching the eyeball, abnormalities of the anterior segment, abnormal eyeball movement (e.g., squint or nystagmus), red eye, trauma, poor eye contact, and miscellaneous. We performed ophthalmologic examinations at the doctors' discretion and analyzed the relationship between chief complaint and final diagnosis.
Results:
Mean age of visiting the outpatient clinic was 6.09 ± 3.07 months. The most common complaint was ocular discharge, followed by abnormal eyeball movement, epiphora, and eye redness. Among infants with ocular discharge, most were attributed to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (155 infants) and conjunctivitis (75 infants). A total of 160 guardians complained of abnormal eyeball movement and 86 of 160 infants (51.9%) suffered from pseudoesotropia. Additionally, exodeviation and esodeviation was found in 17.9% and 16.4% of infants, respectively. Eight guardian complained of poor eye contact in their infants and these infants were diagnosed with retinal disorders (3), congenital optic nerve disorders (2), cataract (1), glaucoma (1), and high hyperopia (1).
Conclusions:
The most common ocular symptoms in infants under one year of age included ocular discharge, epiphora, and eye redness. However, infants with poor eye contact or suspected abnormal eye movement should undergo a full ophthalmologic examination.
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