Developing the principles of chair based exercise for older people: a modified Delphi study

Area of Science:

• Geriatric Exercise Science
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Chair-based exercise (CBE) is a proposed accessible physical activity for older adults with health and mobility limitations.
• Previous reviews highlighted a lack of clear definition, delivery, purpose, and benefits of CBE.
• This study aimed to establish expert consensus on CBE definition and principles for practice and research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define chair-based exercise (CBE) for older adults through expert consensus.
• To develop a core set of principles to guide CBE practice and future research.

Main Methods:

• A multi-disciplinary expert panel participated in a four-round electronic Delphi study.
• Consensus was determined by a 70% agreement threshold on 42 statements across seven domains.
• Thematic analysis of free-text responses informed statement refinement and consensus building.

Main Results:

• Sixteen experts reached consensus on 46 statements across all seven domains after four rounds.
• A five-component definition of CBE was agreed upon, emphasizing seated programs, stability, continuum of exercise, flexibility, and progression to standing.
• Consensus was achieved on statements regarding intended users, benefits, structure, format, risk management, and evaluation of CBE.

Conclusions:

• Expert consensus has been achieved on a definition and principles for chair-based exercise (CBE) for older adults.
• This consensus provides crucial clarity for the implementation and future research of CBE.
• The established framework supports the effective and safe delivery of CBE to enhance the well-being of older individuals.