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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
08:56

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Are gait variability and stability measures influenced by directional changes?

Federico Riva1, Eleni Grimpampi, Claudia Mazzà

  • 1DEI - Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering 'Guglielmo Marconi', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. f.riva@unibo.it.

Biomedical Engineering Online
|June 3, 2014
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Summary

Directional changes and sampling frequency impact gait stability measures. Harmonic ratio was affected, while multiscale entropy and Lyapunov exponents remained stable, suggesting their potential for fall risk assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gait Analysis
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Standardization of gait variability and stability measures is lacking.
  • Measures often use trunk acceleration data during straight walking.
  • Directional changes and sampling frequency are critical factors for standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess the impact of directional changes on gait variability and stability measures.
  • Evaluate the influence of sampling frequency on these measures.
  • Inform standardization of gait analysis protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-one healthy adults performed a 6-minute walk test with 180-degree turns.
  • Nine variability and stability measures were calculated.
  • Trunk acceleration data was analyzed at 100 Hz and 200 Hz.

Main Results:

  • Harmonic ratio was the only measure affected by directional changes and sampling frequency.
  • Harmonic ratio decreased with directional changes.
  • Effects on harmonic ratio varied between sampling frequencies and directions.

Conclusions:

  • Multiscale entropy, short-term Lyapunov exponents, and recurrence quantification analysis are robust to directional changes and sampling frequency.
  • These measures show potential for developing a fall risk index in free-walking conditions.