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Precise calibration of a GNSS antenna array for adaptive beamforming applications
Saeed Daneshmand1, Negin Sokhandan2, Mohammad Zaeri-Amirani3
1Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Schulich School of Engineering, Position Location and Navigation (PLAN) Group, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. sdaneshm@ucalgary.ca.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 3, 2014
Summary
This study introduces a novel method for calibrating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna arrays using live signals and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The approach enhances real-time applications like attitude determination and signal-to-noise ratio improvement.
Area of Science:
- * Navigation Systems Engineering
- * Signal Processing
- * Geomatics Engineering
Background:
- * Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna arrays are crucial for interference mitigation, attitude determination, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement.
- * Precise calibration of these antenna arrays is a significant technical challenge.
- * Existing methods often lack the precision required for advanced real-time applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To propose a novel, precise calibration method for GNSS antenna arrays using live signals and an inertial measurement unit (IMU).
- * To develop a complementary method for estimating steering vectors based on the calibration results.
- * To validate the proposed methods for real-time GNSS receiver applications.
Main Methods:
- * A two-stage optimization process for antenna array calibration: first, estimating constant uncertainties, and second, refining calibration by considering antenna element gain and phase patterns relative to the direction of arrival (DOA).
- * Application of calibration results in a receiver operation mode using a low-complexity, iterative method for fast-converging estimation of satellite signal steering vectors.
- * Utilization of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals for method verification and performance assessment.
Main Results:
- * Demonstrated a precise calibration of GNSS antenna arrays using live signals and an IMU.
- * Successfully estimated satellite signal steering vectors in real-time using the proposed iterative method.
- * Validated the efficacy of the calibrated antenna array for attitude determination and SNR enhancement applications.
Conclusions:
- * The proposed two-stage calibration method offers precise antenna array characterization.
- * The iterative steering vector estimation method is efficient and suitable for real-time GNSS applications.
- * The integrated approach enhances the performance of GNSS receivers in critical applications.
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