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Robin P Berkelaar¹, Erik Dietrich, Gerard A M Kip

¹Materials Innovation Institute (M2i), 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands. r.p.berkelaar@utwente.nl.

|June 3, 2014

Summary

Surface nanobubbles, often assumed stable, may actually be contamination artifacts. Researchers found that apparent nanobubbles formed using disposable needles were stable, suggesting contamination, not inherent stability, is key.

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Area of Science:

Surface science
Nanotechnology
Physical chemistry

Background:

Surface nanobubbles are known for their unusual stability, with several theories proposed to explain this phenomenon.
The dissolution behavior of nanobubbles remains less explored compared to their stability.
Investigating factors influencing nanobubble stability is crucial for understanding their true nature.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dissolution of surface nanobubble-like objects under different experimental conditions.
To identify the underlying cause of the observed stability of these objects.
To alert the scientific community about potential contamination issues in nanobubble research.

Main Methods:

Nucleation of nanobubble-like objects on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) using water from a plastic syringe and disposable needle.
Exposure of nanobubble-like objects to a flow of degassed water for 96 hours (Method A).
Exposure of nanobubble-like objects to lowered ambient pressure to degas the liquid and objects (Method B).

Main Results:

Nanobubble-like objects exhibited unexpected stability even after exposure to both dissolution-inducing methods.
Further investigation revealed that the objects were induced by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) contamination from disposable needles.
This contamination explains the apparent stability and may resolve inconsistencies in existing nanobubble literature.

Conclusions:

The observed stability of 'surface nanobubbles' in this study was attributed to PDMS contamination from experimental materials.
Researchers must be cautious about potential contamination artifacts that mimic genuine nanobubbles.
Contamination could be a significant factor explaining previously reported nanobubble behaviors and literature discrepancies.