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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Nursing management of dysrhythmias involves the following:AssessmentSubjective Assessment:The initial step involves gathering patient-reported symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and chest discomfort. It is crucial to collect a detailed history, including previous heart conditions, current medication use, and lifestyle factors like caffeine and alcohol consumption.Objective Assessment:This involves observing clinical signs such as jugular venous distention, cool and pale skin, and...
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Sinus node dysfunction complicating viper bite.

Ashish Agarwal1, Tarun Kumar2, Khandenahally S Ravindranath2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India medashish@rediffmail.com.

Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals
|June 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viper bites can rarely cause heart problems. This case study details a 35-year-old man experiencing sinus node dysfunction and bleeding after a viper bite, a previously undocumented cardiac effect.

Keywords:
Sick sinus syndromerussell’s vipersnake bitesviper venomsviperidae

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Toxicology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Viper envenomation commonly presents with bleeding disorders and kidney damage.
  • Cardiac manifestations, such as cardiotoxicity, are infrequent complications of viper bites.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy 35-year-old male presented after a viper bite.
  • The patient exhibited significant coagulopathy.
  • He also developed sinus node dysfunction, evidenced by sinus arrest and junctional escape rhythm on electrocardiography.

Findings:

  • This report documents the first instance of sinus node dysfunction directly attributed to a viper bite.
  • The case highlights a rare but serious cardiac complication of viper envenomation.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider cardiac monitoring in patients with viper bites, even in the absence of typical cardiotoxicity symptoms.
  • This finding expands the known spectrum of viper venom toxicity.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of viper venom-induced cardiac dysfunction is warranted.